＂AI Stefanie＂ is all over the network, lawyer： These situations are suspected of infringement.

　　Recently, "AI Stefanie" has become popular all over the Internet, and songs with unique timbre and vocals that are similar to or different from the singer’s own style have become the new favorite of the Internet. While AI singers are becoming popular, these problems cannot be ignored — — Does AI cover infringe the singer’s voice copyright? Does AI cover infringe the music copyright of other singers? What are the legal and ethical problems behind this?

　　"AI Stefanie" explosion network

　　Netizen: It’s hard to tell whether it’s the singer himself or AI.

　　Recently, a virtual singer named "AI Stefanie" has spread all over the Internet, which has aroused many people’s attention and discussion. The so-called "AI Stefanie" is to let AI cover other singers’ songs with Stefanie’s voice through model training and post-processing.

　　Network screenshot

　　From a technical point of view, how is AI Stefanie realized? Liang Zheng, vice president of Tsinghua University Institute of Artificial Intelligence International Governance and director of the Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Governance, said: "Basically, we use an open source generative voice training model to collect some voice materials for training."

　　To put it simply, to make the song of "AI Stefanie", we need to obtain the original sound of Stefanie without accompaniment and reverberation. These materials can be obtained from her videos by accompaniment or dialogue extraction. Then these materials are input into the model as target timbre for training, and a model that can generate Stefanie timbre is obtained. Next, you can use this model to transform songs with any timbre. Finally, after some post-processing and adjustment, you can get a song that sounds like Stefanie.

　　At present, the works of "AI Stefanie" include many styles ranging from pop to folk songs. Because the timbre of "AI singer" is the same as that of a real person, some loyal fans in Stefanie feel that "it is difficult to tell whether it is the singer himself or AI". Some fans said: "Even the breathing sound can be clearly heard, and the pronunciation is very similar to me."

　　Behind the explosion, who violated whose rights?

　　Yue Shenshan, a senior partner of Beijing Yuecheng Law Firm, said that the second paragraph of Article 42 of the Copyright Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that a sound producer may use a musical work that has been legally recorded as a sound recording by others to make a sound recording without the permission of the copyright owner, but shall pay remuneration according to the regulations; If the copyright owner declares that it is not allowed to use it, it shall not be used.

　　Yue Shenshan said: "First of all, the virtual singer mentioned the specific names of the stars, which is an infringement on the name rights of the stars. In addition, when doing a cover, it depends on whether it conforms to the contents of the cover stipulated by the copyright law. If you want to make a record or record a cover, it is ok, but you need to pay the corresponding fee to the author. "

　　"AI Stefanie" used Stefanie’s own voice. Does this involve infringement? Su Xiaonan, a partner of Guo Hao Beijing Law Firm, said: "If it is only timbre or singing, it is not protected by copyright law. But in the provisions of the trademark law, sound can be protected as a trademark. "

　　Yue Shenshan said: "In the Civil Code, sound protection is carried out with reference to the protection of portrait rights, and the portrait rights have clear provisions that forgery is not allowed, which may involve infringement. In addition, virtual singers may deliberately mislead, confuse or form the name of others, and may be suspected of unfair competition. "

　　Besides infringement, it may also involve legal and ethical issues.

　　Su Xiaonan introduced that in fact, cases of using other people’s voices for fraud have emerged in life. "For example, some lawless elements grab your voice, imitate your voice to call others or send voices, and others mistakenly think it is you. At this time, criminals ask him to transfer money, and fraud or fraud may occur."

　　In addition to the possible infringement, there are still huge ethical problems behind the AI singers and the AI virtual people that may be expanded from them. For example, Liang Zheng said: "For example, AI trains with the voice of a certain online celebrity, and then makes emotional communication with many people at the same time, which may cause great moral and ethical problems. If it is not handled properly, it will step on the ethical red line."

　　It can be said that ChatGPT on the tuyere has opened a new door of artificial intelligence and Pandora’s box. For some time, the risks of artificial intelligence generating content that is fake, data leakage and infringement have been further amplified. In view of the current development and management of generative artificial intelligence, the industry is actually discussing it.

　　Liang Zheng said that the "Administrative Measures for Generative Artificial Intelligence Services (Draft for Comment)" issued by the National Internet Information Office in April this year is a good start, but in the future, it is necessary to identify the responsibilities of different subjects more clearly. "The classification responsibility of each subject should be more clear. In addition to providing tools, big models, basic service providers, producers who use big models to generate related content, publishers who publish it on relevant platforms, etc., they must distinguish their responsibilities."