Twenty Questions and Answers on Prevention and Control of Myopia in 2023 Summer Vacation
CCTV News:According to the website of the Ministry of Education, in order to guide children and adolescents to use their eyes scientifically, work regularly and take the initiative to prevent and control myopia during the summer vacation, the second national propaganda group on comprehensive prevention and control of myopia for children and adolescents revised and formed the Twenty Questions and Answers on Prevention and Control of Myopia in Multi-Scenes in Winter Holidays released in January this year, providing guidance for the majority of children, adolescents and parents.
Active prevention: early detection, early prevention
1. Why is summer vacation the key period for myopia prevention and control?
The summer vacation is long, and children and adolescents are prone to myopia or deepen their myopia if their lives are irregular, outdoor activities are insufficient, and they use their eyes at close range for a long time. Advocate parents to establish a scientific concept of parenting, guide children and adolescents to plan their holiday life reasonably, work and rest regularly, and actively participate in physical exercise, housework, social practice, public welfare activities, etc.
Second, do you want to have an eye exam during the summer vacation?
Parents should take the initiative to pay attention to their children’s eye health. When children report that they are seeing clearly and vaguely, or parents observe that their children are squinting, blinking frequently, rubbing their eyes habitually, frowning, and looking at things with their heads tilted, they should take their children to regular medical institutions for examination in time, so as to achieve early detection, early prevention and early intervention. Regular eyesight and diopter examination can clearly grasp the child’s hyperopia reserve or myopia. When it is found that children’s hyperopia reserves are insufficient or myopia deepens, we should actively take measures to prevent and control myopia scientifically.
Third, if you just found myopia, should you wear glasses?
If you are sure that you are nearsighted, you should go to a professional institution for examination and correction. Generally, the myopia degree is above 75 degrees, and the naked eye vision is below 4.9. It is recommended to wear appropriate glasses. Those below 75 degrees can wear glasses when necessary. Whether to wear glasses or not needs to be determined by professional inspection.
Outdoor sports: don’t stay at home, be more outdoor.
4. How long is outdoor activity effective for preventing myopia?
It has been scientifically proved that outdoor activity time is significantly related to diopter and axial length. Increasing outdoor activity time is the most effective and economical method to prevent and control myopia. It is generally recommended that outdoor activities should be no less than 2 hours a day, or 14 hours a week, and children’s outdoor activities can be appropriately increased to more than 3 hours a day. The key to outdoor activities is "outdoor", and it is necessary to ensure that the activity space has sufficient vision, not the content, method and intensity of activities.
5. I don’t want to go out in the hot summer vacation. Can indoor exercise prevent myopia?
Indoor vision is not wide, the light intensity is not enough, and the prevention and control effect is not ideal. Adequate outdoor lighting is the key to prevent myopia. The weather is hot in summer, so outdoor activities should pay attention to summer sun protection. It is recommended to do it in the early morning and evening when the sun is not too strong.
6. Does outdoor activities on cloudy days have an effect on myopia prevention and control?
On cloudy days, the outdoor light intensity is greater than indoor, and the outdoor field of vision is wider than indoor. Outdoor activities on cloudy days also have certain effects on myopia prevention and control.
7. What outdoor sports can you recommend?
Ball games are the preferred outdoor sports. When playing ball, tracking the trajectory of the ball with both eyes can effectively exercise the extraocular muscles and ciliary muscles and promote blood circulation in the eyes. Running, doing exercises and walking are also good outdoor sports.
Extracurricular reading: Positive posture and sufficient brightness
8. Will reading paper books for a long time hurt your eyes?
Compared with electronic screens, paper reading materials have relatively less irritation to the eyes. Incorrect reading posture and too long eye contact are more likely to cause eye fatigue. Pay attention to rest in time when reading, and the continuous eye use time should not exceed 40 minutes. The younger the child, the shorter the continuous eye use time is suggested.
Nine, reading at home during the summer vacation, what should be the correct sitting posture?
Correct sitting posture can effectively prevent the occurrence and development of myopia. When writing and reading, you should keep a reasonable eye distance and a correct head position, and adhere to the principle of "one foot, one punch and one inch", that is, your eyes are one foot away from the book (about 33 cm), your chest is punched away from the table edge (about 10 cm), and your fingers holding the pen are one inch away from the pen tip (about 3 cm). Don’t read books and use electronic products in walking, eating, lying in bed and shaking carriages.
X. What are the requirements for light when learning to read?
Children should have good light when studying, and improper light will bring bad effects to their eyes. Parents should put their children’s desks in a well-lit location indoors, and make full use of natural light for lighting when studying during the day, but pay attention to avoid direct light on the desktop. When studying at night, in addition to turning on the desk lamp, an appropriate background auxiliary light source should be used indoors to reduce the indoor light and shade difference and keep the local light on the desktop in harmony with the surrounding environment. The desk lamp should have a lampshade and be placed in front of the opposite side of the writing hand. The light source should not directly illuminate the eyes to avoid glare.
Electronic products: screen selection and time control
Eleven, summer vacation at home, how long is the appropriate video time?
Consciously control the use time of video electronic products and reduce the use of video electronic products for non-learning purposes. Recommendation 0— 3-year-old children don’t need mobile phones, computers and other video electronic products, 3— 6-year-old children should try to avoid contact and use. Primary and secondary school students should not use electronic products for non-learning purposes for more than 15 minutes at a time, and should not use them for more than 1 hour every day. Use electronic products to learn 30— After 40 minutes, you should take a rest and relax for 10 minutes. The younger you are, the shorter the continuous use of electronic products should be.
What should I pay attention to when choosing electronic products?
If possible, we should try to choose electronic products with large screen and high resolution. It is suggested that the priority order is projector, TV, computer, tablet computer and mobile phone. The general principle is that the bigger the screen, the higher the resolution, the better, and adjust the brightness according to the environment. When the surrounding environment is dark, turn on the room lighting to avoid using electronic products in the dark environment.
13. Can the "eye protection mode" of electronic products protect eyes?
"Eye protection mode" is to adjust the color temperature and brightness of the screen of electronic products, adjust the spectrum of the screen to a warm yellow color system, reduce the blue light emitted by the screen, and make the screen less dazzling. The biggest harm of electronic products to eyes is visual fatigue caused by long-term close use of eyes. Therefore, even if the "eye protection mode" of electronic products is turned on, it will not produce the imagined eye protection effect, let alone prevent and control myopia.
Fourteen, when watching TV computer, how far is the right distance?
When watching TV, the eyes should be more than 3 meters away from the TV screen or 6 times the diagonal length of the TV screen. When watching a computer, the distance between the eyes and the computer screen should be more than 50 cm (about one arm away), the line of sight should be slightly downward, and the center of the computer screen should be about 10 cm below the line of sight of the eyes, so as to effectively reduce the phenomenon of visual fatigue.
Fifteen, what should I do if I feel dry and tired?
Using electronic products for a long time is easy to cause discomfort such as dry eyes and visual fatigue. You can rest or look far away, keep proper indoor temperature and humidity, and blink more to make your eyes fully wet with tears. Hot compress is one of the effective methods to relieve eye dryness and fatigue. Some eyes are serious, and artificial tears can be used to relieve symptoms. If necessary, analyze the ocular surface function, find out the reasons and intervene symptomatically. If the ametropia is not corrected properly, it will easily lead to visual fatigue. You should go to a regular medical institution to check your eyesight and diopter, and correct the ametropia accordingly.
Regular work and rest: get enough sleep and don’t be picky about food
16. Is adequate sleep helpful for visual development?
Whether in peacetime or summer vacation, adequate sleep is not only very important for the physical development of children and adolescents, but also beneficial to visual development. Parents should lead by example, guide their children to work and rest regularly, go to bed early and get up early without staying up late to ensure adequate sleep time. Children and primary school students sleep no less than 10 hours a day, junior high school students no less than 9 hours, and senior high school students no less than 8 hours.
Seventeen, summer vacation to prevent myopia, what should I pay attention to in my diet?
It is hot in summer, so it is recommended to replenish enough water. Parents should diversify their recipes and balance their nutrition, and guide their children not to be picky eaters and partial eclipse, eat more fruits and vegetables, and eat less sweets, sugary drinks and fried foods. Appropriate intake of fish, soy products and eggs and other high-quality protein, but also appropriate consumption of carrots and other foods rich in vitamins beneficial to the eyes.
Intervention and correction: controlling progress and diligent review
Eighteen, if myopia or myopia progress too fast, what should I do?
Go to a regular eye medical institution for examination. According to the doctor’s advice, you can mydriatic optometry and correct it scientifically according to the doctor’s advice. Don’t believe in false propaganda such as myopia can be cured. At present, the scientific means that can be used for myopia prevention and control include wearing ordinary frame glasses, functional glasses, orthokeratology glasses (OK glasses) and using low concentration atropine eye drops. These methods have a certain effect in controlling the progress of myopia, and need to be selected and used under the guidance of doctors and reviewed regularly.
Nineteen, if high myopia has occurred, what should I pay attention to?
High myopia is easy to be accompanied by some complications, such as retinal choroidal atrophy, retinal detachment, retinal split, macular hole, high myopia choroidal neovascularization, posterior scleral staphyloma, macular degeneration, macular epiretinal membrane, cataract, glaucoma and so on. Complications related to high myopia are one of the main causes of irreversible blindness and low vision, which should be paid great attention to and examined regularly. People with high myopia should pay attention to avoid violent impact when exercising, and should not participate in bungee jumping, diving, diving and other sports.
Can laser surgery treat myopia?
During the summer vacation, some students will "take off the mirror" through laser surgery. However, laser surgery has certain surgical indications, and it needs to be scientifically evaluated through relevant examinations in regular medical institutions. Although laser surgery can solve the vision problems caused by myopia, it can’t change the changes of eyeball structure caused by myopia, especially the changes of fundus, and it can’t cure myopia. After operation, we should still pay attention to eye hygiene and habits, reduce short-distance use of eyes, avoid visual fatigue, pay attention to vision and review regularly.